Pono ka honua i ka mana hou aku, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ke ʻano maʻemaʻe a hiki ke hoʻololi hou.Hoʻokumu ʻia kā mākou mau hoʻolālā mālama ʻana i ka ikehu e nā pā lithium-ion - ma ka ʻoki ʻoki o ia ʻenehana - akā he aha kā mākou e kali ai i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana?
E hoʻomaka kākou me kekahi mau kumuhana pākaukau.ʻO ka pākaukau he pūʻolo o hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā cell, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea he electrode maikaʻi (ka cathode), kahi electrode maikaʻi ʻole (ka anode), kahi mea hoʻokaʻawale a me kahi electrolyte.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kemika a me nā mea like ʻole no ia mau mea e pili ana i nā waiwai o ka pākaukau - pehea ka nui o ka ikehu e hiki ke mālama a hoʻopuka, pehea ka nui o ka mana e hāʻawi ai a i ʻole ka nui o nā manawa hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia a hoʻopiha hou ʻia (i kapa ʻia hoʻi ka hiki ʻana i ka paikikala).
Ke hoʻāʻo mau nei nā ʻoihana pākaukau e ʻimi i nā kemika i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka paʻa, ʻoi aku ka māmā a me ka ikaika.Ua kamaʻilio mākou iā Patrick Bernard - Saft Research Director, nāna i wehewehe i ʻekolu mau ʻenehana pākaukau hou me ka hiki ke hoʻololi.
NA PAHU LITIUM-ION HOU
He aha kēīa?
I loko o nā pākahi lithium-ion (li-ion), hāʻawi ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana e ka neʻe ʻana o nā ion lithium mai ka maikaʻi a i ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole ma o ka electrolyte.Ma kēia ʻenehana, hana ka electrode maikaʻi ma ke ʻano he kumu lithium mua a me ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole e like me ka mea hoʻokipa no ka lithium.Ua ʻohi ʻia kekahi mau mea kemika ma lalo o ka inoa o nā pā li-ion, ma muli o ka hopena o nā makahiki he nui o ke koho ʻana a me ka optimization kokoke i ka hemolele o nā mea hana maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole.ʻO nā oxides metala lithiated a i ʻole phosphates ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea maikaʻi o kēia manawa.Hoʻohana ʻia ka graphite, akā ʻo ka graphite/silicon a i ʻole lithiated titanium oxides e like me nā mea ʻino.
Me nā mea maoli a me nā hoʻolālā kelepona, manaʻo ʻia ka ʻenehana li-ion e hiki i ka palena o ka ikehu i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā ʻike hou loa o nā ʻohana hou o nā mea hana hoʻopilikia e wehe i nā palena o kēia manawa.Hiki i kēia mau pūhui hou ke mālama i ka lithium hou aʻe i nā electrodes maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole a hiki i ka manawa mua ke hoʻohui i ka ikehu a me ka mana.Eia kekahi, me kēia mau pūhui hou, e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hemahema a me ka koʻikoʻi o nā mea maka.
He aha kona mau pono?
I kēia mau lā, ma waena o nā ʻenehana hoʻopaʻa kiʻekiʻe a pau, hiki i ka ʻenehana pākahi li-ion ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka ikehu.Hiki ke hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻia nā hana e like me ka wikiwiki wikiwiki a i ʻole ka puka aniani e hana ana i ka mahana (-50 ° C a hiki i 125 ° C) e ke koho nui o ka hoʻolālā cell a me nā kemika.Eia kekahi, hōʻike nā pā li-ion i nā pono ʻē aʻe e like me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka lōʻihi loa o ke ola a me nā hana kaʻa kaʻa, maʻamau mau kaukani o ka hoʻouka ʻana / hoʻokuʻu ʻana.
I ka manawa hea mākou e manaʻo ai?
Manaʻo ʻia e kau ʻia ka hanauna hou o nā pākahi li-ion kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hanauna mua o nā ʻōhua paʻa.E kūpono lākou no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā noi e like me Energy Storage Systems formea houa me ka lawe ʻana (kai moana, alahao,mokulelea me ka neʻe ʻana o ke alanui) kahi i koi ʻia ai ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe, ka mana kiʻekiʻe a me ka palekana.
NA PAHU LITIUM-SULPHUR
He aha kēīa?
I loko o nā pākahi li-ion, mālama ʻia nā lithium ion i loko o nā mea hana e like me nā hale hoʻokipa paʻa i ka wā o ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana.I loko o nā pākahi lithium-sulfur (Li-S), ʻaʻohe hale hoʻokipa.ʻOiai ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, hoʻopau ʻia ka anode lithium a hoʻololi ʻia ka sulfur i nā ʻano mea like ʻole;i ka wā o ka hoʻouka ʻana, ke kaʻina hana hoʻohuli.
He aha kona mau pono?
Ke hoʻohana nei ka pākaukau Li-S i nā mea hana māmā loa: sulfur i loko o ka electrode maikaʻi a me ka lithium metallic e like me ka electrode ʻino.ʻO ia ke kumu i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona ikehu theoretical: ʻehā mau manawa ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lithium-ion.He mea kūpono ia no ka ʻoihana mokulele a me ka lewa.
Ua koho a makemake ʻo Saft i ka ʻenehana Li-S maikaʻi loa e pili ana i ka electrolyte state solid.Lawe mai kēia ala ʻenehana i ka nui o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe, ke ola lōʻihi a lanakila i nā drawbacks nui o ka wai i hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Li-S (ola palena, hoʻokuʻu ponoʻī kiʻekiʻe, ...).
Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohui ʻia kēia ʻenehana i ka lithium-ion solid state ma muli o kona ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikehu gravimetric (+ 30% ma ke kuleana ma Wh/kg).
I ka manawa hea mākou e manaʻo ai?
Ua lanakila ʻia nā pale ʻenehana nui a ke holomua nei ka pae oʻo i nā prototypes piha.
No nā noi e koi ana i ke ola pākaukau lōʻihi, manaʻo ʻia kēia ʻenehana e hiki i ka mākeke ma hope o ka lithium-ion solid state.
NA PAPA PALAPALA
He aha kēīa?
Hōʻike nā ʻenekini paʻa i kahi hoʻololi paradigm ma ke ʻano o ka ʻenehana.I loko o nā pila li-ion hou, neʻe nā ion mai kekahi electrode a i kekahi ma o ka wai electrolyte (i kapa ʻia hoʻi ionic conductivity).I loko o nā ʻenekini paʻa paʻa, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka wai electrolyte e kahi pūhui paʻa e hiki naʻe i nā ion lithium ke neʻe i loko.He mamao kēia manaʻo mai ka mea hou, akā i nā makahiki he 10 i hala iho nei - mahalo i ka noiʻi koʻikoʻi o ka honua - ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻohana hou o nā electrolytes paʻa me ka conductivity ionic kiʻekiʻe loa, e like me ka electrolyte wai, e ʻae ana i kēia pale ʻenehana e lanakila.
I kēia lā,SaftHoʻoikaika ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i 2 mau ʻano mea nui: polymers a me nā pūhui inorganic, e kuhikuhi ana i ka synergy o nā waiwai physico-chemical e like me ka processability, stability, conductivity…
He aha kona mau pono?
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui mua ka hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻana i ka palekana ma nā pae kelepona a me nā pae pākaukau: ʻaʻole hiki ke puhi ʻia nā electrolytes paʻa i ka wā i wela ai, ʻaʻole like me kā lākou mau mea wai.ʻO ka lua, ʻae ia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana hou, kiʻekiʻe-voltage kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka ʻoi aku ka māmā a me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ola ʻana ma muli o ka hoʻemi ʻana iā ia iho.Eia kekahi, ma ka pae ʻōnaehana, e lawe mai ia i nā pono hou e like me nā mechanics maʻalahi a me ka hoʻokele wela a me ka palekana.
Ma muli o ka hiki ke hōʻike ʻia nā pākaukau i kahi ratio kiʻekiʻe o ka mana-a-kaumaha, kūpono paha lākou no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻa uila.
I ka manawa hea mākou e manaʻo ai?
E hele mai ana paha kekahi mau ʻano ʻano pākaukau paʻa paʻa paʻa i ka mākeke ke hoʻomau nei ka holomua ʻenehana.ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia nā ʻenekini paʻa me nā anodes i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka graphite, e lawe mai ana i ka hana ikaika a me ka palekana.I ka wā e hiki mai ana, pono e loaʻa i nā ʻenehana ʻenehana ʻoi aku ka māmā me ka lithium anode metala.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-03-2022